Search of more than 2 million DNA locations finds small and hard-to-explain association with schooling
Search of more than 2 million DNA locations finds small and hard-to-explain association with schooling
By Tina Hesman Saey
Web edition: May 31, 2013
Genetic factors may exert a tiny influence on how much schooling a person ends up with, a new study suggests.
But the main lesson of the research, experts say, should be that attributing cultural and socioeconomic traits to genes is a dicey enterprise.
?If there is a policy implication, it?s that there?s even more reason to be skeptical of genetic determinism,? says sociologist Jeremy Freese of Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill.
Published May 30 in Science by a group of more than 200 researchers, the study does mark the first time genetic factors have been reproducibly associated with a social trait, says Richard Ebstein, a behavioral geneticist at the National University of Singapore. ?It announces to social scientists that some things they?ve been studying that make a difference to health and life success do have a base in genetics.?
But even if it does survive further inspection???and many similar links between genes and social characteristics have not???the study accounts for no more than 2 percent of whatever it is that makes one person continue school while someone in similar circumstances chooses to move on to something else.
Previous studies comparing twins and family members have suggested that not-yet-identified genetic factors can explain 40 percent of people?s educational attainment; factors such as social groups, economic status and access to education would explain the other
60 percent. That percentage attributed to genetics is similar to the heritability of physical and medical characteristics such as weight and risk of heart disease.That makes a hunt for the genetic factors underlying educational attainment an attractive prospect.
Researchers from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium set up an experiment that searched 2 million variable locations known as SNPs in the DNA of 101,069 people for variants that appeared to be linked to educational attainment. They found only one that was associated with years of education. Two more SNPs were associated with whether a person had finished college. The researchers then replicated the findings by doing the same sort of analysis on another 25,490 people?s DNA and finding that the same SNPs popped up.
Considering the apparent effect of all 2 million SNPs, the analysis can account for only about 2 percent of the difference between those with the highest and lowest levels of education. The single SNP with the strongest effect explains just 0.022 percent of the variation in educational attainment in the people sampled. The SNP most strongly associated with finishing college gives people about a 1.8 percentage point difference in the odds of completing a degree.
It?s common for genetic variants to have only weak influences on whether someone will develop a particular trait: Variants associated with height, for instance, exert about a 0.4 percent influence. But even scientists used to tiny effects have expressed disappointment at the small contribution of these variants. ?It?s not even like a cup half full,? says Robert Plomin, a behavioral geneticist at Kings College London. ?It?s a cup that is less than 1 percent full.?
Critics of the study don?t quibble with the way it was done. Their concern???one the authors share???is that there is no gene ?for? going to college. The scientists used educational attainment because data on it are available for large numbers of people. But it is a proxy for something else ? perhaps differences in the way peoples? brains work or in personality traits like perseverance that could help people get through school. That means it is impossible to know what the researchers are really measuring.
The researchers caution that they have not identified specific genes, but merely found variants implicating some regions of the genome in educational attainment. Even if they had pinpointed a particular gene, ?it doesn?t tell you the mechanism by which the gene is having a relationship with education,? says study coauthor Daniel Benjamin, an economist at Cornell University.
At best, the study may set an upper limit of effects scientists can expect to find in genetic studies of social traits, says Anna Need, a neuropsychiatric geneticist at Imperial College London. If a study of so many people can find only marginal genetic associations, smaller studies claiming to have uncovered genes strongly linked to political views or other social values are probably nonsense, she says. She fears that people will interpret the study to mean that genes determine education levels.
It is a fear shared by Duke University geneticist David Goldstein. ?This tiny, tiny, tiny signal is completely pointless and will be misinterpreted,? he says. ?Now we?re beating the poor methodology to a point that it will confess to pretty darn near anything.?
The variants identified in the study may be false confessions, he says. They barely clear a statistical hurdle at which one in every 20 SNPs seemingly associated with a trait will actually be due to coincidence. ?This is literally right on the border,? Goldstein says, and ?has a real good chance of being wrong.?
May 31, 2013 ? A high-dose of ultrasound targeted to painful bone metastases appears to quickly bring patients relief, and with largely tolerable side effects, according to new research presented by Fox Chase Cancer Center scientists at the 49th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology on Monday, June 3.
During the procedure, known as MR-guided focused ultrasound, doctors direct a concentrated beam of energy to specific nerve endings that are causing pain in bone metastases. These patients typically have a significant amount of discomfort -- half of study participants rated their pain at least a 7 out of 10 -- but within a handful of days, most said they felt significant relief.
Although Fox Chase patients received local anesthesia during the procedure, the most commonly reported side effect was pain -- which can often be alleviated with additional anesthesia, says study author Joshua Meyer, MD, attending physician in the Radiation Oncology Department at Fox Chase. "That's temporary pain, which is gone as soon as the procedure is over," he says. "The whole reason we're doing the procedure is for the pain relief that comes afterwards. And that's relatively quick -- we see a response by a day or so, and within three days of the procedure most patients are reporting a significant improvement."
Specifically, 67% of the 107 treated patients said their pain was "much improved" after the treatment, and that relief continued through the end of the three-month study. In comparison, among a group of 35 patients that received a "sham" treatment -- they entered the machine but did not receive the intervention -- only 20% reported some pain relief, Meyer and his colleagues reported.
During the procedure, patients enter into an MRI machine, which allows clinicians to direct a cone of ultrasound energy at specific, targeted bone sites that are causing pain. The MRI also acts as a thermometer to measure the temperature deep within the body created by the high dose of energy, which generates enough heat to burn the nerve endings that are causing pain.
Although pain relief was durable until the end of the study at 90 days, it's not clear how much longer the pain relief lasts, says Meyer. "We've had reports of patients experiencing pain relief up to a year or more outside of the study."
Typically, patients with bone metastases are treated with radiation, which shrinks the bone cancer that is putting pressure on nerve endings, causing pain. This technique also treats the cancer (MR-guided focused ultrasound may not), but often takes weeks before patients experience pain relief, and not all will respond, says Meyer. In addition, others may not be eligible to receive additional radiation, if they have limited bone marrow function, for instance, he notes. The latest research didn't compare the effectiveness of the ultrasound technique to radiation, but the response to ultrasound appears "within the same ballpark of that in previous studies with radiation."
MR-guided focused ultrasound has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and is available at Fox Chase Cancer Center, as well as a handful of other facilities around the country.
Co-authors on the study include Mark Hurwitz, MD, Pejman Ghanouni, MD, and Suzanne LeBlang, MD.
Quora's library of knowledge has been trapped behind inadequate topic search, but now any keyword generates a list of frequently asked questions and answers about the subject thanks to today's launch of full-text search on iOS and Android, and its web debut in March. Search became crucial as Quora usage is up 3X this year and it has grown to 350,000 topics, each with too many questions to browse.
May 30, 2013 ? The recent credit crisis was preceded by a sharp increase in the transmission of information in the largest derivatives market. Such transmissions can therefore serve as indicators for the instability of the market. A team of researchers from the University of Amsterdam (UvA) and the Dutch ING Bank discovered this unexpected link and have published their findings in the leading online journal Scientific Reports, from the publishers of Nature.
The financial swap market is a large network of risk swaps between banks and pension funds, whereby each swap 'exchanges' risk between two players. Each player seeks to minimise the risk in his own portfolio by engaging in interest rate swaps with other players. Over time, however, this practice can lead to the entire market becoming an unstable network, in which one small shock can trigger a critical situation. Because no single party has a complete overview of this network, the build-up of instability goes undetected. The recent credit crisis came as a surprise, but the findings from the UvA and ING study may be used to generate a useful early warning signal for possible new crises in the future.
Growing dependence
UvA researcher Dr Rick Quax and his colleagues Prof. Peter Sloot (UvA) and Dr Drona Kandhai (UvA and ING) explain their discovery: 'In mathematical terms, a build-up of instability in a network leads to an increase in information transmissions. But because the financial swap network is hidden, we can't immediately compute these transmissions. As it turns out, we found a solution in the structure of the swap itself. Basically, a growing interdependence between banks causes a growing interdependence between swap interest rates with varying maturities. Consequently, information transmissions in the financial network also cause information transmissions between interest rate levels. As this data is publicly available, we were able to measure the build-up of instability after all.'
Early warning system
The researchers applied their analysis to the interest rate levels of the Euro and Dollar markets over the past 12 years. The resulting data provided the first clear picture of how years of accumulated instability on the dollar market suddenly overflowed into the euro market roughly three months before the credit crisis struck. In both markets, the onset of the current crisis (the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in September 2008) was preceded by a sharp increase in this instability. Quax, Kandhai and Sloot have demonstrated that this increase could have been used to provide an automatic early warning three to six months before the actual collapse.
The introduction of such an early warning signal could actually bolster the robustness of the financial market. Since an increase in information transmission would indicate a heightened possibility of a crisis, banks and pension funds would be able to adjust their behaviour accordingly, for example by trading risks in a different format until the warning signal dies out.
Given that networks are a common phenomenon in nature -- from molecular protein networks all the way up to social networks -- the results of this study could also help to provide a better understanding of robustness and the cause of sudden changes in a wide range of complex systems, both natural and human-made.
BEIRUT (AP) ? Syria has received the first shipment of Russian missiles that are part of a more sophisticated air defense system, President Bashar Assad told Lebanon's Hezbollah-owned TV channel, according to remarks released by the station Thursday.
Bashar Assad's comment on the arrival of the long-range S-300 air defense missiles in Syria could further ratchet up tensions in the region and undermine efforts to hold U.N.-sponsored talks with Syria's warring sides.
Israel's defense chief, Moshe Yaalon, said earlier this week that Russia's plan to supply Syria with the weapons was a threat and that Israel was prepared to use force to stop the delivery.
The Al-Manar TV, owned by the Lebanese militant Hezbollah group, released Assad's comments on the Russian missiles in print, through its breaking news service Thursday morning.
"Syria has received the first shipment of Russian anti-aircraft S-300 rockets," the TV quoted Assad as saying. The Syrian leader added: "All our agreements with Russia will be implemented and parts of them have already been implemented."
An official at the station confirmed to The Associated Press that the remarks were from the exclusive interview the TV was to air in full later Thursday.
The shipment of the missiles, if confirmed, comes just days after the European Union lifted an arms embargo on Syria, paving way for individual countries of the 27-member bloc to send weapons to rebels fighting to topple Assad's regime.
The developments raise fears of an arms race ? not just between Assad's forces and the opposition fighters battling to topple his regime, but also in the wider Middle East.
Israel has carried out several airstrikes in Syria in recent months that are believed to have destroyed weapon shipments bound for Hezbollah, the Lebanese Shiite group that along with Iran and Russia is a staunch Assad ally. It is not clear whether Israeli warplanes entered Syrian airspace in these attacks.
With the Russian missiles in Syria's possession, the Israeli air force's ability to strike inside the Arab country could be limited since the S-300s would expand Syria's capabilities, allowing it to counter airstrikes launched from foreign airspace as well.
The S-300s have a range of up to 200 kilometers (125 miles) and the capability to track and strike multiple targets simultaneously. Syria already possesses Russian-made air defenses, and Israel is believed to have used long-distance bombs fired from Israeli or Lebanese airspace.
When Israeli warplanes struck near the capital of Damascus, targeting purported Iranian missiles intended for Hezbollah earlier this month, Syria did not respond.
But on Wednesday, Syrian Foreign Minister Walid al-Moallem told Lebanon's Al-Mayadeen TV that Damascus "will retaliate immediately" if Israel strikes Syrian soil again.
It was the regime's most serious warning to Israel since the beginning of the conflict in March 2011 but it was not clear if there was a link between al-Moallem's remark and the Russian shipment.
Israel has long lobbied Moscow over the planned sale of S-300 air-defense missiles to Syria. However, on Tuesday, Russia's deputy foreign minister, Sergei Ryabkov, said his government remained committed to the deal.
Monday's decision by the EU to lift the arms embargo opened the possibility for individual countries to send weapons to Assad's outgunned opponents, though there was no indication any single European country would send lethal weapons to the rebels anytime soon.
Britain and France, the main military powers in the EU, had pushed for the lifting of the embargo, arguing that Europe's threat of arming the rebels would force Assad to negotiate in good faith.
Russia harshly criticized Europe's decision, saying it undercuts international efforts to bring the opposing sides in Syrian conflict together for a peace conference.
There was no immediate reaction from Israel on the Russian shipment but Silvan Shalom, a Cabinet minister from Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's party, told Israel Radio that the Jewish state will "take actions" to make sure advanced weapons don't reach rogue groups.
Prospects for convening a peace conference on Syria were further thrown in doubt after al-Moallem said Wednesday that Assad intends to remain Syria's president at least until elections in 2014 and might run for another term.
The Syrian foreign minister also said any deal reached in eventual talks with the opposition would have to be put to a referendum, introducing a new condition that could complicate efforts by the U.S. and Russia to bring the two sides together in Geneva, possibly next month.
While Syria has said that it will "in principle" attend the conference, the fractured political opposition has not yet announced whether it will attend or not, despite more than a week of meetings in Turkey to devise a strategy for the Geneva talks.
Leading opposition members have said they would only attend the conference if Assad's departure from power tops the agenda, a demand on which sponsors Russia and the U.S. appear to disagree.
In Syria, Assad's forces backed by Hezbollah fighters fought pockets of resistance in the strategic town of Qusair near the border with Lebanon. The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said the government controls most of Qusair following a fierce, 12-day battle with opposition forces.
Thursday's sporadic clashed came as government troops were mopping up in northern and western parts of Qusair, said the Observatory, which relies on information from a network of activists on the ground.
The Syrian army on Wednesday took control of nearby Dabaa air base, dealing a major blow to the rebels in Qusair, an overwhelmingly Sunni town in western part of the country that has been controlled by the opposition since early last year.
The government launched an offensive on Qusair on May 19 and Hezbollah militants joined the battle, drawing the Lebanese Shiite group deep into the civil war next door.
More than 70,000 people have been killed in the 26-months-old Syrian conflict that has had increasingly sectarian overtones. Members of Syria's Sunni Muslim majority dominate the rebel ranks and Assad's regime is mostly made up of Alawites, an offshoot sect of Shiite Islam.
Both sides in the conflict value Qusair, which lies along a land corridor linking two Assad's strongholds, the capital of Damascus and an area along the Mediterranean coast that is the Alawite heartland. For the rebels, holding the town means protecting their supply line to Lebanon, just 10 kilometers (six miles) away.
Also Thursday, the opposition coalition said more than 1,000 wounded in the government offensive in Qusair need to be evacuated for medical treatment.
The opposition said the town hospitals lack doctors and medical supplies to treat those injured and trapped there.
___
Associated Press writers Zeina Karam in Beirut and Ian Deitch in Jerusalem contributed.
U.S. National Security Adviser Tom Donilon, left, talks with Gen. Fan Changlong, right, vice chairman of China's Central Military Commission, during their meeting at the Bayi Building, headquarters of Chinese Defense Ministry, in Beijing Tuesday, May 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Alexander F. Yuan, Pool)
U.S. National Security Adviser Tom Donilon, left, talks with Gen. Fan Changlong, right, vice chairman of China's Central Military Commission, during their meeting at the Bayi Building, headquarters of Chinese Defense Ministry, in Beijing Tuesday, May 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Alexander F. Yuan, Pool)
U.S. National Security Adviser Tom Donilon, center, walks to his seat while Gen. Fan Changlong, vice chairman of China's Central Military Commission, back right, shakes hands with U.S. Ambassador Gary Lock, during their meeting at the Bayi Building, headquarters of Chinese Defense Ministry, in Beijing Tuesday, May 28, 2013. Gen. Sun Jianguo, right, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Deputy Chief of General Staff, also waits to shake hands with visiting U.S. officials. (AP Photo/Alexander F. Yuan, Pool)
U.S. National Security Adviser Tom Donilon, left, poses with Gen. Fan Changlong, vice chairman of China's Central Military Commission, during their meeting at the Bayi Building, headquarters of Chinese Defense Ministry, in Beijing Tuesday, May 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Alexander F. Yuan, Pool)
Hostesses stand outside a meeting room while a Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) officer enters the room, before a meeting of U.S. National Security Adviser Tom Donilon and Gen. Fan Changlong, vice chairman of China's Central Military Commission, at the Bayi Building, headquarters of Chinese Defense Ministry, in Beijing Tuesday, May 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Alexander F. Yuan, Pool)
BEIJING (AP) ? U.S. National Security Adviser Tom Donilon pushed Tuesday for stronger military relations with China, on the final day of a visit to Beijing to set the stage for a summit next month between President Barack Obama and China's Xi Jinping.
Nontraditional military activities such as peacekeeping, disaster relief and anti-piracy operations offer opportunities to boost cooperation and "contribute to greater mutual confidence and understanding," Donilon told Gen. Fan Changlong, a vice chairman of the commission overseeing China's armed forces.
A "healthy, stable, and reliable military-to-military relationship" is an essential part of overall China-U.S. ties, Donilon said at the start of the meeting at China's hulking Defense Ministry building in central Beijing.
Donilon met with a range of Chinese officials over two days to hammer out plans for the June 7-8 summit, the first face-to-face meeting between the presidents since Obama's re-election and Xi's promotion to Communist Party chief last November.
Their informal summit at the private Sunnylands estate of the late publishing tycoon Walter Annenberg in southern California will come months before the two leaders had been originally scheduled to meet, underscoring concerns that the U.S-China relationship was drifting.
Xi told Donilon on Monday that relations were at a critical juncture, and that the sides must now "build on past successes and open up new dimensions for the future."
Building trust between their militaries is one of the main challenges the sides face in seeking to stop a drift in relations, troubled by issues from trade disputes to allegations of Chinese cyberspying.
Although Washington and Beijing have talked about boosting military cooperation for more than a decade, distrust runs high and disagreements over Taiwan, North Korea and China's assertive claims to disputed territories in the East and South China seas remain potential flashpoints.
The U.S. has repeatedly questioned the purpose of China's heavy military buildup over the past two decades, while Beijing is deeply suspicious of Washington's new focus on military alliances in Asia and plans to redeploy more weaponry and troops to the Asia-Pacific region.
Steps to increase benign interactions between their militaries have been modest so far, including joint anti-piracy drills in the Gulf of Aden and a classroom natural disaster response simulation. The U.S. has also invited China to take part in large U.S.-led multinational naval exercises, though China has not said if it would participate.
Apart from purely military issues, distrust has deepened as the U.S. feels its world leadership challenged and China, its power growing, demands greater deference to its interests and a larger say over global rule-setting. Chinese officials and state media regularly say Washington is thwarting China's rise by hemming Beijing in through its Asian alliances and discouraging Chinese investment in the U.S. on grounds of national security.
By Tara Fowler This weekend sees the sixth (sixth!) installment of the "Fast & Furious" franchise hit theaters (and it's not the last — a seventh is set for next summer). The action series received a blast of adrenaline in the form of Dwayne Johnson with 2011's "Fast Five," and "Fast & Furious 6" promises [...]
A new book, "The Making of Star Wars: Return of the Jedi" by J.W. Rinzler, is hitting shelves just in time for the 30th anniversary of "Episode VI," and in the lead-up to the book's release, the Huffington Post has posted a fascinating excerpt. The passage comes from a transcript taken from a 1981 story [...]
NEW YORK (AP) ? Robin Roberts will tell the story of her battle with a life-threatening illness in a new memoir.
Grand Central Publishing says the "Good Morning America" anchor will be writing the as-yet-untitled book for publication next April.
The publisher announced Wednesday that Roberts will write about her rare illness and her recovery, as well as the life lessons she continues to learn since her return to the "GMA" anchor desk.
The ABC News host underwent a bone marrow transplant in September to treat the blood and bone marrow disease. She was off work for five months before returning to the top-rated network morning show in February.
Her first book, "From the Heart: 7 Rules to Live By," was a New York Times best-seller in 2007.
Bad credit debt consolidation loan advice will bring answers to help solve debt problems, prevent people from declaring bankruptcy, stop constant harassment from creditors, and provide a new lease on life for many. There are many benefits associated with these programs including reduced interest rates, elimination of credit card debt, as well as allowing the borrower to pay one single monthly payment instead of multiple payments. Those who apply will find a multitude of options with workable solutions to help repair credit and reduce monthly payments and throw the financial ball back into the consumer's court, instead of the creditors'.Applying for one of these programs will help the debtor to see the overall picture of why he got into this problem and what can be done to ease the burden. This will allow the debtor to see the broad view of common problems associated with bad credit. There are many firms that offer bad credit debt consolidation loan advice, and as more consumers find that they need answers, more solutions will become available. A persistent consumer won't give up if turned down by one lender, but will keep seeking additional sources for help through various means because the options are numerous.
There are many credit counseling agencies and loan settlement companies that offer counsel for the bad spending habits that have led to the problem. They will also help define the best solution with the best interest rates and the lowest monthly payments. Search for information on the Internet concerning bad credit debt consolidation loan advice and work with credit counselors and financial advisors to find a workable solution. They will give the debtor a clearer and more honest answer than will the lenders. The various loan options are secured loans, unsecured loans, and consolidation loans. Many lenders offer special programs to meet the needs of the consumer who needs this service, and a financial counselor can point the way to the best program.
Seeking help is a positive step to getting one's finances back on track and at the same time removing unnecessary stress and burdens from the debtor and his family. Research tells us that financial difficulties are one of the most common reasons for the break-up of families. This is because of the stress associated with financial difficulties. When one finds that there are limited options to personal answers concerning financial problems, then it is time to obtain bad credit debt consolidation loan advice. God tells us to look to counselors during times of crisis and stress. Proverbs 11:14 says, "Where no counsel is, the people fall: but in the multitude of counsellors there is safety." We all need to be accountable to someone. Of course, we are first accountable to God. But when we get into bad habits, we need to ask for the help of a godly professional to get us back on track.
Traditionally, the celebrities and pros from "Dancing With the Stars" do interviews immediately after the finale. But runner-up pro Val Chmerkovskiy left the studio Tuesday night right after the live broadcast, passing on doing any post-show talks with the media.
The official word from ABC was that Chmerkovskiy had to go home and pack for his overnight flight to New York City, where he, other finalists and champions Kellie Pickler and Derek Hough were expected to do a round of television interviews. Pickler, Hough and the others were on hand after the show.
Still, reporters in the post-show press line were left to wonder if Chmerkovskiy was avoiding being asked to speculate on whether or not he and Zendaya could have been the victors on Tuesday, had the usual online voting option at ABC.com worked after Monday?s performance show.
?It?s really unfortunate,? pro Sharna Burgess, former partner of Andy Dick, told TODAY.com. ?That?s how a lot of international people vote. That changes things quite a bit.?
Burgess noted that younger viewers (who are arguably more likely in the fan demographic of Disney star Zendaya) tend to vote using the Web.
?Kids are Internet savvy, and they don?t call in or text,? Burgess mused. ?Did it play on the results? Of course ? but whether it affected (the final result) I don?t know.?
?It?s a little sad,? said Karina Smirnoff, who danced alongside finalist Jacoby Jones. ?God works in mysterious ways. We can?t control that. We?ll let the Lord take care of that. All we can control is what we put out on the dance floor."
?It is what it is,? said Olympian Aly Raisman, who, along with pro partner Mark Ballas, came in fourth place. ?I?m so happy for Kellie and Derek. The most important thing for me was that I had fun. I got fourth, and that?s okay.?
None of this is to say that Pickler and Hough didn?t earn their win. In fact, many felt that their victory was a done deal after the pair performed their emotion-packed freestyle routine on Monday, arguably one of the top showstoppers in "Dancing" history. The routine not only earned the duo a perfect score of 30, but fans also selected it as the finale encore dance.
?(Winning) all depends on the freestyle,? Cheryl Burke, a two-time champion, explained. ?I've experienced losing the competition because of my freestyle, and I've experienced winning it because of the freestyle. It doesn?t matter what you?ve done in the last nine weeks. It?s all about your final week.?
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Hey there everyone, I have this task for Java where I must create a GUI for calculating the area/volume of a circle. Our instructor gave us the hints//reminders and we are supposed to fill in the actual code. Here Is the code for GUI that I have so far:
import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class CircleTestGUI extends JFrame implements ActionListener { // declare GUI components JLabel lblRadiusInput; JTextField txtRadiusInput; JLabel lblEchoInput; JTextField txtEchoInput; JLabel lblAreaOutput; JTextField txtAreaOutput; JLabel lblCircumferenceOutput; JTextField txtCircumferenceOutput; JLabel lblClickToCompute; JButton compute; JPanel panInterface; JPanel panGUI; // declare two global instance variables related to inputs boolean validInput; double radiusInput = 0.0; public void init( ) { JPanel panInterface = new JPanel( ); panInterface.setLayout( new GridLayout(1, 1) ); panInterface = createGUI( ); setContentPane(panInterface); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent userClick) { // call method to obtain and validate input // perform computations only if method returns true if (validateInput( )) { if (userClick.getSource( ) == compute) { // instantiate an object of type Circle // with the valid radius inputted by the user Circle One = new Circle (radiusInput); // echo back the input to the user txtEchoInput.setText(Double.toString(One.getRadius( ))); // call the method to compute the area // convert the numeric answer to a string with four places after the decimal point // set the text in the appropriate JTextField txtAreaOutput.setText(One.toPrecisionFourString(One.computeArea(One))); // call the method to compute the circumference // convert the numeric answer to a string with four places after the decimal point // set the text in the appropriate JTextField txtCircumferenceOutput.setText(One.toPrecisionFourString(One.computeVolume(One))); // a finalizer to free up memory allocation on Circle One One = null; } } } public JPanel createGUI( ) { JPanel panGUI = new JPanel( ); panGUI.setLayout( new GridLayout(5, 2, 5, 5) ); // developing input row lblRadiusInput = new JLabel("Please input the radius: ", SwingConstants.RIGHT); panGUI.add(lblRadiusInput); txtRadiusInput = new JTextField(6); panGUI.add(txtRadiusInput); // developing command button row for program execution lblClickToCompute = new JLabel("Click button to solve: ", SwingConstants.RIGHT); panGUI.add(lblClickToCompute); compute = new JButton("Compute"); compute.addActionListener(this); panGUI.add(compute); // developing output row for echo of the input lblEchoInput = new JLabel("Echoing your input: ", SwingConstants.RIGHT); panGUI.add(lblEchoInput); txtEchoInput = new JTextField(5); txtEchoInput.setEditable(false); panGUI.add(txtEchoInput); // developing output row for area lblAreaOutput = new JLabel("The area of the circle: ", SwingConstants.RIGHT); panGUI.add(lblAreaOutput); txtAreaOutput = new JTextField(15); txtAreaOutput.setEditable(false); panGUI.add(txtAreaOutput); // developing output row for circumference lblCircumferenceOutput = new JLabel("The circumference of the circle: ", SwingConstants.RIGHT); panGUI.add(lblCircumferenceOutput); txtCircumferenceOutput = new JTextField(15); txtCircumferenceOutput.setEditable(false); panGUI.add(txtCircumferenceOutput); return panGUI; } public boolean validateInput( ) { validInput = true; try { radiusInput = Double.parseDouble(txtRadiusInput.getText( )); } catch (NumberFormatException nfeDouble) { // give error message when input can't be parsed to double JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "You need to enter a number", "Input Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); // set boolean variable to false when // received an invalid input validInput = false; // blanking out inputs and any previous outputs // when input is invalid txtRadiusInput.setText(""); txtEchoInput.setText(""); txtAreaOutput.setText(""); txtCircumferenceOutput.setText(""); } return validInput; } }
When I compile and run the code, I get the following errors:
----jGRASP exec: javac -g CircleTestGUI.java CircleTestGUI.java:53: error: cannot find symbol Circle One = new Circle (radiusInput); ^ symbol: class Circle location: class CircleTestGUI CircleTestGUI.java:53: error: cannot find symbol Circle One = new Circle (radiusInput); ^ symbol: class Circle location: class CircleTestGUI 2 errors ----jGRASP wedge2: exit code for process is 1. ----jGRASP: operation complete.
My mind is drawing a blank and I haven't been able to fix the error. Any input on how I could fix it?
Is This A Good Question/Topic? 0
Replies To: Error: cannot find symbol, problem with GUI for area/volume of circle
#2 Bountyhunter1234 ?
Reputation: 10
Posts:50
Joined:12-May 09
Re: Error: cannot find symbol, problem with GUI for area/volume of circle
Posted Today, 09:52 PM
first you dont have a class Circle i think you mean CircleTestGUI on line 51 also you are calling for a radius but you dont have a constructor that needs radius
The tea party and the politics of paranoiaPublic release date: 21-May-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Peter Kelley kellep@uw.edu 206-616-5903 University of Washington
Members of tea party claim the movement springs from and promotes basic American conservative principles such as limited government and fiscal responsibility.
But new research by University of Washington political scientist Christopher Parker argues that the tea party ideology owes more to the paranoid politics associated with the John Birch Society and even the infamous Ku Klux Klan than to traditional American conservatism.
Parker is the author, with fellow UW political scientist Matt Barreto, of a new book titled "Change They Can't Believe In: The Tea Party and Reactionary Politics in America," published this spring by Princeton University Press.
At the heart of their book is a nationwide telephone survey overseen by Parker in early 2011 of 1,500 adults equal numbers of men and women across 13 geographically diverse states. The results starkly illustrate where tea partyers and true conservatives part ideological ways.
Responses place tea party members far to the right of the mainstream Republican conservatism of Nelson Rockefeller, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan and even George W. Bush viewing President Obama as a faux citizen, a Muslim and socialist agitator, bent on America's demise.
"Tea party conservatives believe in some conservative principles, to be sure, but they are different from more mainstream conservatives in at least one important respect," Parker said. "True conservatives aren't paranoid; tea party conservatives are."
Asked flat-out if they think President Obama is "destroying the country," only 6 percent of non-tea party conservatives agreed, a number that rose to 36 percent among all conservatives regardless of tea party affiliations. By contrast, 71 percent of self-identified tea party supporters thought this extreme statement true.
"And that's just the tip of the iceberg," said Parker, a UW associate professor of political science. "It's no secret that tea party conservatives view President Obama with such contempt, but I am the first to document it empirically."
Other survey results include:
Three-quarters of tea party conservatives said they think President Obama's policies are politically socialist while only 40 percent of non-tea party conservatives held that view.
Twenty-seven percent of tea party conservatives said they think President Obama is a practicing Muslim, while 18 percent of non-tea party conservatives took that view.
Similarly, 46 percent of non-tea party conservatives allowed that President Obama is a practicing Christian, while only 27 percent of tea party conservatives believed it so.
Was President Obama born in the United States? A majority 55 percent of conservatives allowed that this was true, but of tea party conservatives, only 40 percent agreed.
And perhaps not surprisingly, fully three-quarters 75 percent of tea partyers said they wish President Obama's policies to fail, compared with 32 percent of conservatives.
Parker called the tea party a continuation of what political scientist Richard Hofstadter in the 1960s described as "the paranoid style in American politics," characterized by exaggeration, suspicion and conspiratorial fantasy.
Parker said, "Consider me a skeptic when tea party supporters call upon a conservative tradition to which they have but a slight claim."
###
For information or interviews, contact Parker at 510-285-7770 or csparker@uw.edu, or Barreto at 206-569-4259 or mbarreto@uw.edu.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
The tea party and the politics of paranoiaPublic release date: 21-May-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Peter Kelley kellep@uw.edu 206-616-5903 University of Washington
Members of tea party claim the movement springs from and promotes basic American conservative principles such as limited government and fiscal responsibility.
But new research by University of Washington political scientist Christopher Parker argues that the tea party ideology owes more to the paranoid politics associated with the John Birch Society and even the infamous Ku Klux Klan than to traditional American conservatism.
Parker is the author, with fellow UW political scientist Matt Barreto, of a new book titled "Change They Can't Believe In: The Tea Party and Reactionary Politics in America," published this spring by Princeton University Press.
At the heart of their book is a nationwide telephone survey overseen by Parker in early 2011 of 1,500 adults equal numbers of men and women across 13 geographically diverse states. The results starkly illustrate where tea partyers and true conservatives part ideological ways.
Responses place tea party members far to the right of the mainstream Republican conservatism of Nelson Rockefeller, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan and even George W. Bush viewing President Obama as a faux citizen, a Muslim and socialist agitator, bent on America's demise.
"Tea party conservatives believe in some conservative principles, to be sure, but they are different from more mainstream conservatives in at least one important respect," Parker said. "True conservatives aren't paranoid; tea party conservatives are."
Asked flat-out if they think President Obama is "destroying the country," only 6 percent of non-tea party conservatives agreed, a number that rose to 36 percent among all conservatives regardless of tea party affiliations. By contrast, 71 percent of self-identified tea party supporters thought this extreme statement true.
"And that's just the tip of the iceberg," said Parker, a UW associate professor of political science. "It's no secret that tea party conservatives view President Obama with such contempt, but I am the first to document it empirically."
Other survey results include:
Three-quarters of tea party conservatives said they think President Obama's policies are politically socialist while only 40 percent of non-tea party conservatives held that view.
Twenty-seven percent of tea party conservatives said they think President Obama is a practicing Muslim, while 18 percent of non-tea party conservatives took that view.
Similarly, 46 percent of non-tea party conservatives allowed that President Obama is a practicing Christian, while only 27 percent of tea party conservatives believed it so.
Was President Obama born in the United States? A majority 55 percent of conservatives allowed that this was true, but of tea party conservatives, only 40 percent agreed.
And perhaps not surprisingly, fully three-quarters 75 percent of tea partyers said they wish President Obama's policies to fail, compared with 32 percent of conservatives.
Parker called the tea party a continuation of what political scientist Richard Hofstadter in the 1960s described as "the paranoid style in American politics," characterized by exaggeration, suspicion and conspiratorial fantasy.
Parker said, "Consider me a skeptic when tea party supporters call upon a conservative tradition to which they have but a slight claim."
###
For information or interviews, contact Parker at 510-285-7770 or csparker@uw.edu, or Barreto at 206-569-4259 or mbarreto@uw.edu.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Today Microsoft revealed the Xbox One, and confirmed rumors that its new game console is ready to take over as the heart of your home theater. The new box features HDMI in and out for passthrough with your cable or satellite box. It's even able to control connected devices with Kinect 2.0-detected voice and gesture commands thanks to IR blasters and HDMI-CEC. On stage, executives showed off the Xbox OneGuide, demonstrating a way to pull up information including trending programming or fantasy sports stats while watching live TV. There's also a live TV show for Halo in the works, and Microsoft brought NFL commissioner Roger Goodell on stage to talk about integration with the number one pro sports league. There's no word on exactly which cable, telco or satellite TV systems this will integrate with, but Microsoft's PR states "is committed to bringing live TV through various solutions to all the markets where Xbox One will be available" and mentions HDMI is required for the feature to work. It's supposed to be available at launch in the US, with "global scale" anticipated over time.
Study of young Israelis emphasizes need for avoidance of sun exposurePublic release date: 20-May-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Jerry Barach jerryb@savion.huji.ac.il 972-258-82904 The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Jerusalem, May 20, 2013 A new study conducted using extensive medical records of over one million Israeli adolescents before military service shows clearly how exposure to the Israeli sun of young, light-skinned children increases substantially the risk of cutaneous melanoma (a serious form of skin cancer).
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is on the rise in all parts of the world where light-skinned people live. Rates have tripled over the last decades in the United States, and the rise was even steeper in Europe.
What about in Israel? What segments of the population are more at risk and at what stage? Dr. Hagai Levine and Prof. Jeremy Kark from the Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine and other researchers set out to find the answers, using records of young Jewish males who were examined between 1967 and 2005. These men were followed up by data linkage for cancer incidence until the end of 2006. Females were not included because their baseline data were available only for a more recent period.
In their study, the researchers found not surprisingly a quadrupled higher risk of skin cancer among native-born Israelis of European origin (including the Americas, Australia and South Africa) and those immigrating from those countries over those of North African or Asian origin.
Israel's subtropical latitude means residents are exposed to more solar radiation than in much of Europe, and therefore the findings implicate childhood sun exposure as a clear, preventable risk factor for melanoma. But even for those who spent their childhood in Europe, the data showed that those who came to Israel before age 10 had almost double the risk of cutaneous melanoma compared to those who arrived from Europe later in childhood.
The study of melanoma susceptibility according to countries of origin is especially suited to Israel because of the massive immigration that has taken place since the establishment of the state, bringing Jews of varying skin hues from Europe, North Africa and Western Asia.
The study on Israel and cutaneous melanoma was published recently in the International Journal of Cancer. In addition to Dr. Levine and Prof. Kark, researchers from the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, the National Cancer Registry and other institutions
participated in the work.
They used an extensive database culled from military medical examinations, enabling them to conduct a large-scale migrant cohort study in order to identify high-risk populations and critical periods of sun exposure during childhood, which would aid in directing public health and research efforts.
Israel is one of the few western countries where military service is mandatory. All Israeli Jewish adolescents are obligated to present themselves at age 17 for a medical board examination before military service (even if exempted later from service). Consequently, use of these data provides a generally representative sample of the young Jewish population, particularly of males.
These findings, say the researchers, provide solid support for the importance of stressing the issue of childhood sun exposure, particularly in light skinned people, as a preventable risk factor for cutaneous melanoma and can aid in directing public health and research efforts.
###
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?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Study of young Israelis emphasizes need for avoidance of sun exposurePublic release date: 20-May-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Jerry Barach jerryb@savion.huji.ac.il 972-258-82904 The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Jerusalem, May 20, 2013 A new study conducted using extensive medical records of over one million Israeli adolescents before military service shows clearly how exposure to the Israeli sun of young, light-skinned children increases substantially the risk of cutaneous melanoma (a serious form of skin cancer).
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is on the rise in all parts of the world where light-skinned people live. Rates have tripled over the last decades in the United States, and the rise was even steeper in Europe.
What about in Israel? What segments of the population are more at risk and at what stage? Dr. Hagai Levine and Prof. Jeremy Kark from the Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine and other researchers set out to find the answers, using records of young Jewish males who were examined between 1967 and 2005. These men were followed up by data linkage for cancer incidence until the end of 2006. Females were not included because their baseline data were available only for a more recent period.
In their study, the researchers found not surprisingly a quadrupled higher risk of skin cancer among native-born Israelis of European origin (including the Americas, Australia and South Africa) and those immigrating from those countries over those of North African or Asian origin.
Israel's subtropical latitude means residents are exposed to more solar radiation than in much of Europe, and therefore the findings implicate childhood sun exposure as a clear, preventable risk factor for melanoma. But even for those who spent their childhood in Europe, the data showed that those who came to Israel before age 10 had almost double the risk of cutaneous melanoma compared to those who arrived from Europe later in childhood.
The study of melanoma susceptibility according to countries of origin is especially suited to Israel because of the massive immigration that has taken place since the establishment of the state, bringing Jews of varying skin hues from Europe, North Africa and Western Asia.
The study on Israel and cutaneous melanoma was published recently in the International Journal of Cancer. In addition to Dr. Levine and Prof. Kark, researchers from the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, the National Cancer Registry and other institutions
participated in the work.
They used an extensive database culled from military medical examinations, enabling them to conduct a large-scale migrant cohort study in order to identify high-risk populations and critical periods of sun exposure during childhood, which would aid in directing public health and research efforts.
Israel is one of the few western countries where military service is mandatory. All Israeli Jewish adolescents are obligated to present themselves at age 17 for a medical board examination before military service (even if exempted later from service). Consequently, use of these data provides a generally representative sample of the young Jewish population, particularly of males.
These findings, say the researchers, provide solid support for the importance of stressing the issue of childhood sun exposure, particularly in light skinned people, as a preventable risk factor for cutaneous melanoma and can aid in directing public health and research efforts.
###
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
WASHINGTON (AP) ? Secretary of State John Kerry is heading back to the Middle East this week to press his case for peace talks between Syrian rebels and President Bashar Assad's regime amid increasing signs the new U.S. strategy to halt the war is being undermined by Russia.
Kerry departs Monday for discussions with the sultan of Oman. He then goes to Jordan to gather with 10 of America's closest European and Arab partners to discuss how to advance a political transition and end more than two years of bloodshed in Syria, before traveling on to Israel.
For the Syria negotiations to succeed, the Obama administration is banking on Russia's help.
The U.S. and Russia have wrangled repeatedly while more than 70,000 Syrians have died, but they now say they're working together to start direct talks between Syria's government and the opposition in Geneva next month. Washington demands Assad's ouster, while Russia continues to provide the Syrian leader with military aid and diplomatic cover, but President Barack Obama this week said the meeting "may yield results."
The optimism echoes the message of Kerry, who during his Moscow visit earlier this month declared that the old Cold War foes, by rejuvenating Syrian peace hopes, were demonstrating how they "can accomplish great things together when the world needs it."
For all the heady talk of cooperation, however, Russia has continued to rebuff American demands that it cut off military support for Assad.
Moscow is preparing to give Syria state-of-the-art ground-to-air missile systems, Israeli officials say. It is beefing up its naval presence near its base in northwestern Syria, reports suggest. And, in the latest revelation, U.S. officials say Russia has provided the Assad regime with anti-ship cruise missiles.
Gen. Martin Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said the transfer of the advanced anti-ship missiles is "an unfortunate decision that will embolden the regime and prolong the suffering."
On the diplomatic front, the situation isn't much better. There, Russia has repeatedly blocked a proposal for an expanded Security Council trip to Turkey and Lebanon to study Syria's refugee crisis, according to U.N. diplomats.
The continued friction between Moscow on the one hand and Washington and its partners on the other comes as the Obama administration is evaluating a range of options, including military ones, to break the stalemate in Syria's civil war and respond to evidence that Assad's forces used small amounts of chemical weapons in two attacks in March. Obama previously declared chemical weapons use his "red line" for a more forceful American intervention, though Kerry and other U.S. officials have since suggested that no such step would be taken while the new peace push still has hope.
Russia's missiles support significantly boosts Syria's capability to target manned planes, drones and incoming missiles after its systems were easily circumvented in 2007 when Israeli jets bombed a suspected nuclear reactor site along the Euphrates River in northeastern Syria. Apparently successful Israeli strikes in recent weeks on weapons convoys to Hezbollah show the Syrian defenses are still far from impregnable, but the new weaponry adds further considerations as the United States tries to change Assad's calculation that he can prevail in Syria's civil war.
While more and better anti-missile systems wouldn't immediately change the fight between Syria's government and armed opposition, they would make it more dangerous for the U.S. and other governments to try to enforce a no-fly zone in the country or otherwise intervening militarily. And with Washington mulling over the options, the war continues. The refugee toll has topped 1.5 million people and much of the country has slipped into lawlessness.
Kerry's weeklong trip will also see him try to advance his two-month effort to restart peace talks between Israel and the Palestinians.
The secretary has convinced the Arab world to help by sweetening its deal of universal recognition for the Jewish state if it pulls out of most of the territory in east Jerusalem and the West Bank that it conquered in the 1967 Mideast war. But he has struggled to gain any public concession from Israel, which was accused of taking steps last week to legalize four unauthorized settlement outposts in the West Bank. The Palestinians see that land as part of its future state.
Kerry also will travel to Ethiopia to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Organization of African Unity, the precursor to today's African Union.
Bangladeshi garment workers set fire to furniture from a police control room during a protest against the collapse of an eight-story building that housed several garment factories and poor working conditions of the employees, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Saturday, April 27, 2013. Police in Bangladesh took into custody five people in connection with the collapse of a shoddily-constructed building that collapsed this week, as rescue workers pulled out 19 survivors out of the rubble on Saturday and vowed to continue as long as necessary to find others despite fading hopes. (AP Photo/A.M. Ahad)
Bangladeshi policemen walk after chasing garment workers protesting against the collapse of an eight-story building that housed several garment factories and their employees, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Saturday, April 27, 2013. Police in Bangladesh took into custody five people in connection with the collapse of a shoddily-constructed building that collapsed this week, as rescue workers pulled out 19 survivors out of the rubble on Saturday and vowed to continue as long as necessary to find others despite fading hopes. (AP Photo/A.M. Ahad)
A Bangladeshi Muslim rescue worker prays on the rubble of a building that collapsed Wednesday in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Saturday, April 27, 2013. Police in Bangladesh arrested two owners of a garment factory in a shoddily-constructed building that collapsed this week, killing at least 324 people, as protests spread to a second city Saturday with hundreds of people throwing stones and setting fire to vehicles. (AP Photo/Kevin Frayer)
A girl cries for her missing mother at the site of the garment building factory that collapsed Wednesday in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Saturday, April 27, 2013. Police in Bangladesh took five people into custody in connection with the collapse of a shoddily-constructed building this week, as rescue workers pulled 19 survivors out of the rubble on Saturday and vowed to continue as long as necessary to find others despite fading hopes. (AP Photo/Wong Maye-E)
Women carry portraits of missing relatives at the site of the garment factory building that collapsed Wednesday, in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Saturday, April 27, 2013. Police in Bangladesh took five people into custody in connection with the collapse of a shoddily-constructed building this week, as rescue workers pulled 19 survivors out of the rubble on Saturday and vowed to continue as long as necessary to find others despite fading hopes. (AP Photo/Ismail Ferdous)
A man watches while rescue workers search for survivors at a garment factory building that collapsed Wednesday in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Saturday, April 27, 2013. Police in Bangladesh took five people into custody in connection with the collapse of a shoddily-constructed building this week, as rescue workers pulled 19 survivors out of the rubble on Saturday and vowed to continue as long as necessary to find others despite fading hopes.(AP Photo/Ismail Ferdous)
A Bangladeshi man holds a picture of a relative missing in a building that collapsed Wednesday hold pictures of loved ones at a makeshift morgue in a schoolyard in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Saturday, April 27, 2013. Police in Bangladesh arrested two owners of a garment factory in a shoddily-constructed building that collapsed this week, killing at least 324 people, as protests spread to a second city Saturday with hundreds of people throwing stones and setting fire to vehicles. (AP Photo/Kevin Frayer)
A Bangladeshi rescue worker directs others as they search in the rubble of a building that collapsed Wednesday in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Saturday, April 27, 2013. Police in Bangladesh arrested two owners of a garment factory in a shoddily-constructed building that collapsed this week, killing at least 324 people, as protests spread to a second city Saturday with hundreds of people throwing stones and setting fire to vehicles. (AP Photo/Kevin Frayer)
Relatives mourn a victim at the site where an eight-story building housing several garment factories collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. The building collapsed near Bangladesh's capital Wednesday morning, killing dozens of people and trapping many more in the rubble, officials said. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
People and rescuers gather after an eight-story building housing several garment factories collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. Dozens were killed and many more are feared trapped in the rubble. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
People and rescuers gather after an eight-story building housing several garment factories collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. Dozens were killed and many more are feared trapped in the rubble. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
Rescuers assist an injured woman after an eight-story building housing several garment factories collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. Dozens were killed and many more are feared trapped in the rubble. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
Rescue workers carry a victim's body after an eight-story building housing several garment factories collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. Dozens were killed and many more are feared trapped in the rubble. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
Rescue workers look for survivors after an eight-story building housing several garment factories collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. Dozens were killed and many more are feared trapped in the rubble. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
A man who was trapped in an collapsed eight-story building housing several garment factories is reccued in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. Dozens were killed and many more are feared trapped in the rubble. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
Rescue workers pull a woman out from the rubbles after an eight-story building housing several garment factories collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. Dozens were killed and many more are feared trapped in the rubble. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
Rescue workers and people look for survivors after an eight-story building housing several garment factories collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. Dozens were killed and many more are feared trapped in the rubble. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
Relatives mourn a victim at the site after an eight-story building housing several garment factories collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. Dozens were killed and many more are feared trapped in the rubble. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
Rescuers carry a woman after an eight-story building housing several garment factories collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. Dozens were killed and many more are feared trapped in the rubble. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
Rescue workers carry a young victim's body after an eight-story building housing several garment factories collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. Dozens were killed and many more are feared trapped in the rubble. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
Rescue workers use pieces of clothes to bring down a survivor after an eight-story building housing several garment factories collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. The building collapsed near Bangladesh's capital Wednesday morning, killing dozens of people and trapping many more in the rubble, officials said. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
A man who was trapped in an eight-story building housing several garment factories is rescued after the structure collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. The building collapsed near Bangladesh's capital Wednesday morning, killing dozens of people and trapping many more in the rubble, officials said. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
Rescue workers use clothes to bring down survivors and bodies after an eight-story building housing several garment factories collapsed in Savar, near Dhaka, Bangladesh, Wednesday, April 24, 2013. The building collapsed near Bangladesh's capital Wednesday morning, killing dozens of people and trapping many more in the rubble, officials said. (AP Photo/ A.M. Ahad)
Quora's library of knowledge has been trapped behind inadequate topic search, but now any keyword generates a list of frequently asked questions and answers about the subject thanks to today's launch of full-text search on iOS and Android, and its web debut in March. Search became crucial as Quora usage is up 3X this year and it has grown to 350,000 topics, each with too many questions to browse.
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Public release date: 21-May-2013
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